Identity Trap
"Identity Trap" refers to when an authors identity comes under scrutiny by publishers in relation to their title. Historically, the identities that are namely critiqued are authors of color and queer authors. The trap itself is the pattern in which authors of color are forced into telling only certain kinds of stories, ones that are only directly related to their race, ethnicity, or gender/sexuality.[1] In an identity trap, a publisher values a writer primarily for the racial or ethnic identity they represent, expecting them to write about familiar tropes. For example, Black authors must write about racism, slavery, or trauma, and Queer authors must write about sex, violence, or internal hardship. Some white authors even take advantage of these narratives and write books that feed into these stereotypes without earning the experience or understanding how they are perpetuating a cycle.[2]
Impact on Authors
Identity traps affect authors by limiting their creative freedom. Even if authors want to explore genres, themes, or narratives outside of identity-based expectations, they may find publishers unresponsive because their identity does not “fit” the expected marketing mold. When an author faces their identity being "not enough" or "too much" for their book, this is a direct example of blatant discrimination in the publishing industry.
Impact on Publishing Industry
For the publishing industry, the identity trap reinforces systemic inequalities: it channels authors of color into a narrow set of marketable identities and stories, reinforcing assumptions about what “diverse” books should look like and thereby constraining the diversity of perspectives, genres, and voices that actually reach readers.
In effect, the identity trap turns racial or ethnic identity from one dimension of an author’s humanity into a “category box” — determining not just whether they’re published, but what kinds of stories they’re “allowed” to tell and how those stories are marketed.
- ↑ Tager, James, and Clarisse Shariyf. “Reading between the Lines - PEN America.” PEN America, 24 Sept. 2024, pen.org/report/reading-between-the-lines/.
- ↑ PEN America Research Team. “Booklash: Literary Freedom, Online Outrage, and Language of Harm.” PEN America, 4 Aug. 2023, pen.org/report/booklash/.
